Washington Naval Disarmament Treaty

Finance Essay - 990 Words

1. Why has the stock price fallen despite the fact that net income has increased over the periods under review? The stock price has fallen because the shareholders were worried about increasing debts and liabilities, that adding two manufacturing factories created and because of how much excesses inventory was created. Both of these changes would result in interest change of 44,000 to 155,000 that the company would have to pay, that impact on the company’s future earnings hurts the company’s image to stockholders causing them to worry. 2. Tabulate your results and briefly comment on the liquidity position of the company between the two periods. 2004 2003 Absolute Liquidity 5/895 = 0.005:1 = 40/355 = 0.11:1†¦show more content†¦Jay needs to insure them that with time as people pay the cash account will increase and the company again will have more cash on hand. Also to ease their minds he may need to show the agreements he has with people on when they are supposed to pay and how much bad debt he has anticipated from those agreements. 5. Determine the free cash flow of the firm as well as the free cash flow to creditors and shareholders and interpret your results. Free Cash Flow= EBIT – taxes + depreciation – change in NWC – capital exp EBIT $ 393,500 Taxes -$ 95,400 Net Working Capital -$ 415,450 Free Cash Flow =$ -117,350 Free Cash Flow to Creditors = Int Expense - increase in new LTD Int Exp $ 155,000 New LTD -$ 1,026,280 FCF to Creditors = -$ 871,280 Free Cash Flow to Stockholders = Div. – increase in new equity Div $ 42,930 New Equity -$ 100,170 FCF to Stockholders = -$ 57,240 Free cash flow for the firm is negative, which can be expected since we has a large increase in working capital a lot of money is being tied up there at the moment because of those current acquisitions. The free cash flow toShow MoreRelatedFinance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? The traditional financial manager was generally involved in the regular finance activities, e.g., banking operations, record keeping, management of the cash flow on a regular basis, and informing the funds requirements to the top management, etc. But, the role of financial manager has been enhanced in the todays environment;Read MoreFinance1074 Words   |  5 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE COURSE CORPORATE FINANCE 2.1 Working Capital Management Sept. 2014 Ir Frank W. van den Berg mba Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam ALYX Financial Consultancy bv, Aerdenhout FWvdB/2014 1 OUTLINE CORPORATE FINANCE FWvdB/2014 †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Basics Guiding principles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Time value of money + Capital Budgeting †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of CF + Bonds †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of shares (+ co.’s) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Analysis (Ratios) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Planning (EFN) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ à  Ã¯Æ'   Working Cap. Mgt. (A/R,Read MoreThe Finance1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires intentional short-term and long-term planning. More importantly, in order for capital management to be deemed successful, it is required that all members of an organization are on board. â€Å"Capital budgeting is not only important to people in finance or accounting, it is essential to people throughout the business organization†lt; /spangt; (Block, Hirt, amp; Danielsen, 2011). As the duration of the investment period increases, and the size of investment increases, the residual risk also increasesRead MoreEquity Finance And Debt Finance823 Words   |  4 PagesStockholders are those entities who provide a company with the risk capital such as preference share owners and ordinary share owners (Freeman and Reed, 1983). Generally, stockholderis one of long-term finance providers with the aim to maximize their wealth.According toBrickleyet al. (1985), long-term finance provi ders are more likely to focus on the matter whether the financial structure in the company is sound or not and the durability of profitabilityrather than temporary profits that a potentiallyRead MoreFinance, Economics, And Finance Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesalso studied business, management, economics, and finance. These courses impressed upon me the importance of the financial sector in the economy. Finance professionals have the unique responsibility of managing assets and analyzing risks to ensure the future success of a company or organization. It is difficult to overstate the importance of this role, as the financial crisis of 2009 showed. It is due to my understanding of the importance of finance and investment, coupled with my longstanding interestRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) Th e country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance, Banking And Finance Industry2170 Words   |  9 Pagescomplete your transaction and move on with your day. The last thing on your mind is how that transaction is taking place. You don’t care what happens behind the scenes as long as your money is where it needs to be and is safe. As the banking and finance industry has transformed, so has the process of how your money is handled. To accompany those changes, regulators and lawmakers create laws designed to protect consumers, banks, and the economy as a whole. As you will learn, the history of the bankingRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages In finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) The country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance998 Words   |  4 PagesPlant Improvements Total Investments: total investment in plant and equipment brought forward from the Production spreadsheet. Sales of Plant and Equipment : total sales of plant and equipment brought foraad from the Production spreadsheet. Common Stock * Shares Outstanding: The number of shares of common stock in the hands of shareholders. Reflect any issue/ retire stock transaction at the beginning of this year * Price Per Share: stock price as of yesterday’s close. Stock will be issuedRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

How Priestley presents attitudes towards the theme of morality in An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

How Priestley presents attitudes towards the theme of morality in An Inspector Calls Essay The play An Inspector Calls is one that contains many broad themes, and one of these is that of morality. Morality manifests itself in many ways throughout the play, on a small scale in the individual case of the Birlings and Eva Smith, through the Inspector, and as a constant undercurrent running through the entire play, alongside other social issues like class, love and responsibility. The play also contains varied attitudes towards morality, which adds to the depth and universal message that it carries. One of the key situations in which attitudes to morality vary is the divide between young and old within the Birling family. Arthur Birling, the self-proclaimed patriarch of the family, takes a hard line towards morality. This is illustrated even before his or his familys involvement in Eva Smiths death is revealed, as he is shown to be a hard headed practical man of business, proclaiming that a man has to look after himself and his own. His attitude to morality is also highlighted by his attitude to responsibility, shown in his quote youd think everybody has to look after everybody else a man has to mind his own business. This idea is furthered when he is revealed to have a part in Eva Smiths death. Upon being questioned by the Inspector, he says that I cant accept any responsibility, and continues with If we were all responsible for everything that had happened to everybody wed had anything to do with it would be very awkward, wouldnt it? These quotes show that Mr Birlings concept of morality is that everyone is responsible for just themselves, and that morally no one person is capable of affecting another. Mr Birlings attitude towards morality is further revealed once the extent of his familys involvement in Eva Smiths demise is revealed. His main concern is not that of Eva Smiths life or affairs, but whether the honourable name of Birling will be tarnished by the events surrounding her death. For example, when Sybil is revealed to have turned down aid for Eva Smith, Birling is most concerned with the press pick(ing) up on it. Furthermore, after the full extent of his familys roles to play in the tragedy, he is not concerned with the consequences of their actions, but that I was sure of a knighthood, both of these quotes showing how his moral attitude is one of self preservation, that the rights and wrongs of an event can only be attributed t0 him if they reflect well on him- something that morally opposes him or his attitude is irrelevant. This attitude is echoed by his wife and class superior, Mrs Birling. Mrs Birlings moral groundings are clearly revealed whilst under interrogation, but like her husbands they are shown up even further after the tension is relaxed by the departure of the Inspector. One of her first lines under interrogation, Weve done a lot of work helping deserving cases shows an air of arrogance about her, as she suggests that she has the right to morally discriminate against those that she considers to be below her, showing moral prejudice. When the extent of her doings are revealed, She came to you for help, at a time when no woman could have needed it more ou not only refused it but used your influence to see that the others refused it too, shows that she, like Birling, has no real concept of collective morality, only considering how things will impact on her, with no regard for motive or the moral and physical well-being of others and how she can affect it. More importantly however, her moral attitude is reflected by the other Birling senior of the play, which can, and is interpreted by Priestley as showing how morally out of touch the older generation are. This is especially true when their attitudes to morality are compared with those of the younger generation- most notably Eric, and firstly Sheila. As soon as Sheila hears of the death of a girl, she is immediately saddened, and almost sorry for the event before she is even aware of her complicity in the chain that leads to Eva Smiths death. Examples include Oh, how horrible and (rather distressed) its just that I cant help thinking about this girl. This shows a much more reasoned and knowledgeable attitude to life and morals than Birling, and this is highlighted in her response to her own part in Eva Smiths demise- her sacking from Millwards. Sheila is clearly remorseful for her own part in Eva Smiths death, shown by lines like I felt rotten about it at the time and If I could help her now, I would. This shows Sheila is morally in touch, and realises that basic moral standards apply to anyone, whatever class or situation they find themselves in. However, her moral reasoning is more developed and vital to the play when not referring to herself, but more to those around her. Sheilas moral application in terms of the others intertwined in the case is raised consistently following her own interrogation. This is most clearly raised in the scenes following the Inspectors departure, as is common with the other characters- the release of tension being used by Priestley effectively to develop the story further. While the senior Birlings consider the fact that the Inspector was in fact not an Inspector makes a difference to what they have done, Sheila can see past this. She says that Everything we said that happened had happened and You began to learn something. Now youve stopped. This shows that Sheila can see past basic fact, and knows that morally, whatever the final consequence of any poor conduct, the conduct has still been poor and therefore cannot be condoned. How does Shakespeare Make Act 1 Scene 5Â   EssayHe says to Birling, You started it you made her pay a heavy price for that. And now shell make you pay a heavier price still, but to Sheila, simply you helped. As with Eric and Gerald, these are two extremely similar events, but morally the Inspector sharply distinguishes them. His highlighting of how Eva Smith will now make Birling pay also shows the extent of his attitude to morality- it will remain long after the actions and consequences have passed. This is furthered by I dont think any of you will forget. His final speech also contains references to this. He says that their (millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths) lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. This shows the moral linking and consequence that the Inspector is shown to believe in, the cause and effect similar to they way in which he interrogates the characters and describes the girls death. Morality also manifests itself in combination with other key themes of the play, and one of these is that of responsibility. Throughout each characters response to interrogation, and the Inspectors treatment of them, morality and responsibility come up side by side. When Birling is questioned, he says that If we were responsible for everything that had happened to everyone wed ever been involved with, thatd be very awkward, wouldnt it? This shows the lack of responsibility and acceptance held by Birling, but also the lack of moral perception- the fact that an action does not have an immediate consequence either way does not make it morally wrong or right- it is the outcome that matters, as in the view presented by the Inspector. Moral responsibility as a whole is also a key theme- Sheila accepts that she behaved badly and that (she) feels responsible, combining the two themes, as she does consistently and perceptively throughout the play. The contrasting views on responsibility between Birling and the Inspector are also related to this, as they directly correspond with their contrasting views on morality. Birling repeatedly refers to himself as a man of business, and makes outlandish statements like a man must make his own way and look after himself and his own. In contrast, the Inspector states that we are not alone and we are responsible for each other. These intertwine with their contrasting views on morality- the Inspector empathises with the girls in a similar position to Eva Smith, put ourselves in the position of those young women counting their pennies, while Birling states that hed give thousands . Naturally one would assume this to be to bring her back, but Birlings moral standards are such that it is more likely to solve her own skin. Therefore, morality and responsibility are linked cleverly by Priestley, adding to the well-made feel of An Inspector Calls and furthering the universal message that can be drawn from it. Finally, the issue of morality alongside status or class is also highlighted by Priestley in An Inspector Calls. This is mainly presented in the Inspectors methods of attempting to bring some closure and moral respect for Eva Smith. Whilst he seems to fail in his approach to the senior Birlings, highlighted by their carefree attitude and moral naivety after he has left, This makes all the difference (referring to the fact there is no death), he seems to succeed in his attempts with this in the younger Birlings, with Sheila stating that if I could help her now, I would, and the Inspector brings this feeling about in her by changing the idea of status- You used the power you had to punish the girl. He also uses description of her in a positive light, pretty, had a nice little promising life. He does a similar thing with Eric- his line that (Eric) used her as an animal a thing cause him to feel The girls still dead, isnt she. He in fact effectively compares her favourably to the Birlings, the fact that she had done no harm while the Birlings had clearly harmed her. All of these points show that morality must extend to class, at least in the eyes of the Inspector, and that it is all consuming and not restricted from social band to band- his interpretation might be that no one can be ostracised from the effects of morality, however they reflect upon them. In conclusion, Priestley presents morality in many diverse contexts and guises in An Inspector Calls. He uses the social themes of the time that are still relevant today, such as responsibility and divisions in society, to emphasise the importance of morality, and how important it is in life. He also shows how perceptions and principles of morality vary from person to person, and how these ideas can link together, despite being relatively disparate in some cases. Therefore, he presents attitudes to morality through a small scale, with his An Inspector Calls, to hold a universal message that can, and must, influence anyone.

Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh Essay Example

Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh Paper Introduction: Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives Elements of Organizational Behavior:- The organizations base rests on managements philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcome is performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Models of Organizational Behavior:- There are four major models or frameworks that organizations operate out of, Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, and Collegial (Cunningham, Eberle, 1990; Davis,1967): Autocratic — The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial — The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation. Supportive — The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. Collegial — The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Although there are four separate models, almost no organization operates exclusively in one. There will usually be a predominate one, with one or more areas over-lapping in the other models. The first model, autocratic, has its roots in the industrial revolution. The managers of this type of organization operate mostly out of McGregors Theory X. The next three models begin to build on McGregors Theory Y. They have each evolved over a period of time and there is no one best model. In addition, the collegial model should not be thought as the last or best model, but the beginning of a new model or paradigm. Importance of organizational behavior: Organization Development (OD) is the systematic application of behavioral science knowledge at various levels, such as group, inter-group, organization, etc. , to bring about planned change (Newstrom, Davis, 1993). Their objective is a higher quality of work-life, productivity, adaptability, and effectiveness. It accomplishes this by changing attitudes, behaviors, values, strategies, procedures, and structures so that the organization can adapt to competitive actions, technological advances, and the fast pace of change within the environment. 1. Humanistic Values: Positive beliefs about the potential of employees (McGregors Theory Y). 2. Systems Orientation: All parts of the organization, to include structure, technology, and people, must work together. 3. Experiential Learning: The learners experiences in the training environment should be the kind of human problems they encounter at work. The training should NOT be all theory and lecture. 4. Problem Solving: Problems are identified, data is gathered, corrective action is taken, progress is assessed, and adjustments in the problem solving process are made as needed. This process is known as Action Research. . Contingency Orientation: Actions are selected and adapted to fit the need. 6. Change Agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate change. 7. Levels of Interventions: Problems can occur at one or more level in the organization so the strategy will require one or more interventions. An organizational behavior system:- [pic] Figure – An organizational behavior syst em Elements of the system Philosophy- the philosophy of organizational behavior held by management cconsist of an integrated set of assumption and benefits about the way things are the purpose of these activities , and the way they should be. The philosophies are some times explicit and occationally amplict, in the mindes of managers. Five major organizational behavior philosophies- autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial, and system-and their implication are bdiscussed later in this assignment. Values:- Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. Values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members. Vision- ision represents a challenging portrait of what the organization and its members can be – a possible and desirable future. Leaders need to create exciting projections about where the organization should go and what major changes lie ahead. Mission:- mission defines the fundamental purpose of an organization or an enterprise succinctly describing why it existing and what it do es to achieve its vision It sometimes used to set out a picture of the other organization in the future. Goals:- Goals are relatively concrete formulations of achievements the organization is aiming for within set periods of time, such as one to five years. Goals setting is a complex process , for top managements goals need to be merged with those of employees who bring their their physiological , social and economic needs with them to an organization. Four key forces of organizational behavior:- A complex set of forces affects the nature of organization today. A wide array of issues and trends of these forces can be classified into four areas- . People . Structure . Technology .environment when people work together in an organization to accomplish an objective, some kind of structure of formal relationships is required. People also use technology to help get thae job done, so people structure technology interact,. In addition these elements are influenced by the external environment, and they influence t. each of the four forces affecting organizational behavior , and some illustration of each , is considered briefly in the following sections. People:- People make up the internal social system of the organization. People are the living thinking feeling being who work in the organization to achieve their objectives. Structure:- Structure defines the formal relation ship and use of people in organizations. Different jobs are required to accomplish all of organizations activities. There are managers and employees, accountatsand assemblers. These people have to be related in some structural way so that their work can be effectively coordinated. Technology:- Technology provides the resources with which people work and affects the tasks that they perform. The technology used has a significant influence on working relationship. Environment:- All organization s operate within an internal and an external environment. A single organization doesn’t exist alone. It is part of a larger system the contains many other elements, such as government, the family and other organization. The nature of people With regard to people, there are six basic concepts: 1. individual difference 2. perception 3. a whole person 4. motivated behavior 5. desire for involvement 6. value of the person 1. Individual person:- people have much in common but each person in the world is also individually different. The idea of individual difference is supported by science. Individual difference requirethat a managers approach to employees be individual , not statistical. This belief that each person is different from all others is typically called the law of individual difference. 2. perception:- people look at the world and see things differently. Even when presented with the same object, two people may view in two different ways their view of their objective environment is filtered by perception, which is the unique way in which each person sees organize and interprets things. 3. a whole person:- 4. motivated behavior:- 5. desire for involvement:- The nature of the organization :- With regard to organizations, the three concepts are that they are social systems, they are formed on the basis of mutual interest, and they must treat employees ethically. Social system- The idea of a social system provides a frame work for analyzing organizational behavior issues. It helps make organizational behavior problems understandable and manageable Mutual interest:- Organization need people and people need organizations . organization have a human purpose. They are formed and maintained on the basis of some mutuality interest among their participants. Ethics: Ethics is the use of moral principles and values to affect the behavior of individuals and organizations with regard to choices between what is right and wrong. Limitations of organizational behavior:- 1. Behavioral Bias:- 2. The Law Of Diminishing Returns :- 3. Unethical Manipulation Of People:- Conclusion:- Organizational culture Formal organization Managements .philosophy. Values. Vision. Mission. Goals Motivation Quality of work life Leadership. Communication. group dynamics Informal organization Social environment Outcomes . Performance . Employee satisfaction .personal growth and development